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Disc Bulge

Disc Bulge

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Overview

A disc bulge occurs when a spinal disc protrudes out of its normal boundary but without the outer layer (annulus fibrosus) being torn. It is different from a herniated disc, as the inner core does not leak out, but the disc is compressed and pushes against nearby structures like nerves.

It’s one of the most common spinal issues and may occur in the cervical (neck), thoracic (mid-back), or lumbar (lower back) spine.

Symptoms

Many people with a bulging disc may have no symptoms. However, if the bulge compresses a nerve, it can cause:

  • Localized pain in the neck or back
  • Radiating pain into the arms (cervical) or legs (lumbar)
  • Numbness or tingling
  • Muscle weakness
  • Reduced mobility or stiffness

Causes

A bulging disc can result from:

  • Age-related disc degeneration
  • Poor posture
  • Sedentary lifestyle
  • Repetitive stress or overuse injuries
  • Heavy lifting or sudden trauma
  • Obesity, which increases spinal pressure

Risk Factors

  • Age 30+
  • Physically demanding jobs
  • Prolonged sitting or driving
  • Smoking
  • Lack of regular exercise
  • Family history of spinal issues

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is made through:

  • Physical examination: Assessing range of motion, reflexes, and symptoms
  • MRI scan: Most effective in visualizing disc bulges
  • CT scan or X-rays: To assess spinal alignment and other structural issues
  • Nerve conduction tests: If nerve compression is suspected